Protocol and stimulation parameters
Definition
An electrode is the conductive interface through which an electrical stimulator delivers current to the body.
Aliases and abbreviations
stimulation electrode · skin electrode · electrode contact
Editorial record
Published: August 25, 2026 · Reviewed: August 25, 2026
Expanded definition
Surface electrodes may use clips, pads, hooks, or shaped contacts. Implanted systems use leads and contacts placed surgically near a nerve. The term electrode does not by itself describe the full device or protocol.
Contact area, material, spacing, pressure, moisture, skin impedance, and placement influence current density and how stimulation feels. A nominal current setting can therefore produce different local conditions with different electrodes.
Research reporting should identify electrode design and configuration alongside intensity, pulse width, frequency, waveform, site, and session timing.
What the term does not establish
Why the distinction matters
Electrode design is part of the delivered intervention and can change comfort, reproducibility, current distribution, and how results should be compared.
Main guide
A practical explanation of ear placement, contact, comfort, and method boundaries.
Read the auricular guideRelated terms
Protocol and stimulation parameters
Protocol and stimulation parameters
Protocol and stimulation parameters
Protocol and stimulation parameters
Protocol and stimulation parameters
Safety and research
Editorial scope
This glossary entry supports general education. It does not diagnose, recommend treatment, or transfer findings from one VNS method, protocol, or device to another.